Abstract:Policies to protect the global climate offer an effective entry point for achieving society’s multiple objectives for energy sustainability. Three of the key objectives driving energy-sustainability policy—security of supply, climate change mitigation and air-pollution reduction—are often regarded separately by policymakers. However, this practice ignores some important policy synergies, and often leads to short-sighted solutions with unnecessarily costly, long-term consequences. A more holistic policy approach, supported by a new generation of integrated decision-making tools, is now needed.