Abstract:The primary objective of this analysis is to determine total upstream VOC emissions, and NO, PM, SO, and CO emissions from refineries, per gallon of gasoline consumed by motorists in the United States in the year 2000. The method is as follows. First, uncontrolled emissions from each emissions source (e.g., crude oil tankers) are estimated in grams per gallon of fuel that passes through the source. Then, controlled emissions are estimated, by accounting for the extent and in-use effectiveness of emission controls on the source in the year 2000. (This step fully accounts for emission regulations planned or already promulgated as a result of the 1990 Amendments to the U.S. Clean Air Act.) Finally, the intermediate result of "grams emitted per gallon of fuel through the source" is converted to "grams emitted per gallon consumed by motorists," by multiplying by the ratio of through put at the emission source to total national gasoline supply. Grand total upstream grams-per-gallon emissions for the whole gasoline fuel cycle are simply the sum of grams/gallon emissions from each source. The calculations and data are fully documented in the report from which this paper is derived. (That report also estimates refinery emissions from the production of diesel fuel.)