Suggested Citation:
Robinson, Anya, Aviv Steren, Gil Tal (2026)

Assessing the Role of Dealerships in Expanding Equitable Access to Zero-Emission Vehicles in California

. Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis, Research Report UCD-ITS-RR-26-32

Abstract:

This study examines the relationship between levels of access to zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) at car dealerships in California and rates of ZEV adoption in surrounding areas. ZEV accessibility scores for census tracts—based on available ZEV inventory and proximity to dealerships—correlated significantly with ZEV adoption rates, even after controlling for income, demographics, charging infrastructure, and consumer incentives. Our results suggest that a 1% increase in ZEV accessibility correlated with an increase in ZEV adoption by 0.73% in disadvantaged communities (DACs) versus 0.125% in non-DACs. This indicates a latent demand in DACs constrained by supply-side barriers. Dealership-based incentives positively correlated with local ZEV adoption. Policies that support equitable inventory distribution among dealerships, expanded dealership-based incentive programs, and coordination with charging infrastructure planning may increase ZEV adoption in DACs.