Publication Detail
Policy Guide: Driving the Market for Plug-in Vehicles: Developing Charging Infrastructure for Consumers
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UCD-ITS-RR-18-60 Brief Electric Vehicle Research Center |
Suggested Citation:
Hardman, Scott, Gil Tal, Thomas S. Turrentine, Jonn Axsen, George Beard, Nicolò Daina, Erik Figenbaum, Niklas Jakobsson, Alan Jenn, Patrick Jochem, Neale Kinnear, Patrick Plötz, Jose Pontes, Nazir Refa, Frances Sprei, Bert Witkamp (2018) Policy Guide: Driving the Market for Plug-in Vehicles: Developing Charging Infrastructure for Consumers. Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis, Brief UCD-ITS-RR-18-60
Key Takeaways:
1. Policy makers should play a central role in developing infrastructure that consumers can access at home, at workplaces, in public locations, and on travel corridors.
2. The most important infrastructure are chargers that allow for overnight charging. These include private chargers in plug-in electric vehicles drivers’ garages or on their driveways, but also publicly accessible chargers in residential areas.
3. Charging level should be optimized for specific uses. At locations with long dwell times, chargers should be level 1 or 2. At locations with medium dwell times, chargers should be level 2. At locations with short dwell times chargers should be DC fast chargers.
4. Access and payment for charging should be standardized to avoid confusing consumers. Payment should be as simple as possible and harmonized across regions.
5. The optimal number of publically accessible charging stations depends on several factors including average trip lengths, number of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and the number of consumers without their own dedicated charger. Additional infrastructure must be installed in regions with a high proportion of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) owners without a dedicated home charge point.
6. Charge point congestion can become an issue with significant PEV uptake. Policy makers and practitioners should ensure that people do not charge unnecessarily or for too long. This can be done with pricing strategies or by using charge time limitations. 7. The time that consumers charge should be managed so that charging does not coincide with existing electricity demand peaks. This can be done with smart charging.
8. Education and awareness initiatives are necessary to increase knowledge of PEV charging infrastructure. Consumers should be aware of how to install a home charger, where to access infrastructure, how much it costs to charge, and how to access public charging.
1. Policy makers should play a central role in developing infrastructure that consumers can access at home, at workplaces, in public locations, and on travel corridors.
2. The most important infrastructure are chargers that allow for overnight charging. These include private chargers in plug-in electric vehicles drivers’ garages or on their driveways, but also publicly accessible chargers in residential areas.
3. Charging level should be optimized for specific uses. At locations with long dwell times, chargers should be level 1 or 2. At locations with medium dwell times, chargers should be level 2. At locations with short dwell times chargers should be DC fast chargers.
4. Access and payment for charging should be standardized to avoid confusing consumers. Payment should be as simple as possible and harmonized across regions.
5. The optimal number of publically accessible charging stations depends on several factors including average trip lengths, number of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and the number of consumers without their own dedicated charger. Additional infrastructure must be installed in regions with a high proportion of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) owners without a dedicated home charge point.
6. Charge point congestion can become an issue with significant PEV uptake. Policy makers and practitioners should ensure that people do not charge unnecessarily or for too long. This can be done with pricing strategies or by using charge time limitations. 7. The time that consumers charge should be managed so that charging does not coincide with existing electricity demand peaks. This can be done with smart charging.
8. Education and awareness initiatives are necessary to increase knowledge of PEV charging infrastructure. Consumers should be aware of how to install a home charger, where to access infrastructure, how much it costs to charge, and how to access public charging.